International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

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Which substance is known to be anti-bacterial in breastmilk?

Iron
Albumin
Lactoferrin
Immunoglobulins

The correct answer is: Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin is known for its antibacterial properties and plays a significant role in protecting infants from infections. This protein binds iron, making it unavailable for bacteria that thrive on this nutrient, thereby inhibiting their growth. Lactoferrin also directly interacts with bacterial membranes and can disrupt them, further contributing to its antimicrobial effects. Its presence in breastmilk supports the immune system of the infant, providing an essential defense mechanism against pathogens. In contrast, while immunoglobulins also provide immune protection, their primary function is to bind to specific antigens rather than to serve as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Albumin is mainly a transport protein and does not have a direct antibacterial role. Iron, while important for many bodily functions, does not possess antibacterial properties and can actually promote bacterial growth when not properly regulated. Thus, lactoferrin stands out as a key substance in breastmilk with direct antibacterial function.