International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

Which human milk protein is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and increases in concentration after six months postpartum?

1. Lysozyme

2. Lactoferrin

3. Immunoglobulin A

4. Casein

The correct answer is: Lysozyme

Lysozyme is a significant human milk protein notable for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to protect the infant against infections. Its concentration does increase in human milk as the breastfeeding period continues, becoming particularly important after six months postpartum. This increase aligns with the developmental needs of the infant, as it supports their growing immune system and helps combat potential infections and inflammation. In contrast, while lactoferrin also possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, its focus is more on iron-binding and interfering with pathogens. Immunoglobulin A primarily plays a role in mucosal immunity, providing a protective barrier but not specifically emphasizing anti-inflammatory effects as its primary function. Lastly, casein serves primarily as a structural protein providing the necessary nutrients and energy, but it doesn't have the distinctive anti-inflammatory role found in lysozyme.