International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

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Which hormone influences the growth of the areola during pregnancy?

Prolactin
Human placental lactogen (HPL)
Oxytocin
Progesterone

The correct answer is: Human placental lactogen (HPL)

Human placental lactogen (HPL) plays a significant role in the growth and development of the areola during pregnancy. This hormone, produced by the placenta, contributes to the changes in breast tissue necessary for lactation. HPL helps ensure that the mammary glands mature and develop adequately, preparing the body for breastfeeding after childbirth. While prolactin stimulates milk production and oxytocin is involved in the let-down reflex, they do not specifically influence the growth of the areola. Progesterone is crucial for maintaining pregnancy and supports breast tissue development, but HPL's specific role in the growth of the areola is paramount during this phase. Thus, the correct answer highlights the unique contribution of HPL to the physical changes that occur in the breasts during pregnancy, particularly concerning the areolar region.