International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

Which condition is caused by postpartum hemorrhage that leads to low milk supply due to low prolactin?

1. Sheehan Syndrome

2. Gestational Diabetes

3. Thyroiditis

4. Postpartum Depression

The correct answer is: Sheehan Syndrome

Sheehan Syndrome is the correct response as it describes a condition resulting from postpartum hemorrhage that can lead to insufficient blood supply to the pituitary gland, causing damage to the pituitary tissue. This damage disrupts the gland's ability to produce hormones, including prolactin, which is essential for milk production. The inadequate levels of prolactin due to Sheehan Syndrome lead to low milk supply after childbirth. Understanding the mechanisms of Sheehan Syndrome emphasizes the impact of severe blood loss during or after delivery on lactation. The syndrome primarily arises from significant blood loss or severe hypotension, leading to ischemia of the pituitary gland, which can have lasting effects on the hormonal balance essential for lactation. In contrast, other conditions like gestational diabetes, thyroiditis, and postpartum depression do not have a direct cause-and-effect relationship with low prolactin levels as a result of postpartum hemorrhage. Gestational diabetes is related to insulin resistance during pregnancy, thyroiditis involves thyroid hormone imbalances, and while postpartum depression can affect breastfeeding behavior, it is not caused by a hormonal deficiency stemming from hemorrhage. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effective assessment and intervention in breastfeeding support following childbirth.