International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

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Which component is found in the fat portion of human milk and is critical for brain development?

Lysozyme
Macrophages
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Secretory IgA

The correct answer is: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a crucial fatty acid found in the fat portion of human milk and plays a significant role in brain development. DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid that is integral to the development of the brain and nervous system, particularly during the early stages of life when rapid brain growth occurs. Research indicates that adequate levels of DHA in infants' diets are associated with improved cognitive function and visual development. Human milk contains DHA, which not only supports the establishment of neural connections but also contributes to the development of the retina. Infants who are exclusively breastfed are more likely to receive optimal levels of DHA, which can be less available in formula diets, making the presence of DHA in breast milk particularly significant for those who rely on it for their nutritional needs. The other components listed, such as lysozyme, macrophages, and secretory IgA, have important roles in immune function and protection against infections, but they do not have the same specific role regarding brain development as DHA does. Thus, DHA's unique importance in brain health and growth distinguishes it as the correct choice in this context.