International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

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Which antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat mastitis?

Amoxicillin-clavulanate and ibuprofen
Cephalexin and amoxicillin-clavulanate
Penicillin and cephalexin
Tetracycline and amoxicillin

The correct answer is: Cephalexin and amoxicillin-clavulanate

The option highlighting cephalexin and amoxicillin-clavulanate as commonly prescribed antibiotics for treating mastitis is accurate. Mastitis, which is an infection of breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth, and redness, can be effectively managed with these antibiotics. Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is effective against Staphylococcus aureus, a common causative organism in breast infections. It has good penetration into breast tissue, making it suitable for treating infections in lactating women. Amoxicillin-clavulanate combines amoxicillin, which is effective against various bacteria, including Streptococcus, with clavulanate, which enhances its effectiveness against beta-lactamase producing organisms. This combination broadens the antimicrobial spectrum, addressing both typical and resistant strains of bacteria that may contribute to mastitis. Using these antibiotics aligns with clinical guidelines for treating mastitis in breastfeeding women, ensuring both efficacy in combatting the infection and safety for the mother and her infant.