International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

What role does human placental lactogen (HPL) play during pregnancy?

1. Stimulates lactation before birth

2. Facilitates nutrient absorption

3. Regulates maternal metabolism

4. Inhibits milk production

The correct answer is: Stimulates lactation before birth

Human placental lactogen (HPL) plays a crucial role during pregnancy primarily by regulating maternal metabolism and preparing the body for lactation. While it is not the primary hormone responsible for stimulating lactation before birth, it does influence metabolic processes that support fetal growth and prepare the mammary glands for future milk production. HPL is secreted by the placenta and its primary functions include modulating the maternal metabolism to support increased nutrient availability for the developing fetus. This hormone enhances insulin resistance in the mother, ensuring that more glucose is available in the blood for the fetus, which is essential for fetal development. In this way, HPL plays a key role in nutrient transfer from mother to fetus. Additionally, HPL contributes to the maturation of the mammary glands, preparing them for milk production after childbirth. This preparation is crucial as it sets the stage for lactation to begin effectively once the baby is born and the placental hormones decline. In summary, while HPL is involved in preparing the body for lactation and plays a role in regulating the metabolic adaptations necessary during pregnancy, the focus on it directly stimulating lactation before birth oversimplifies its functions. Its regulatory effects on maternal metabolism are a significant aspect of how it supports pregnancy.