International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

What protein assists with iron transport and absorption, as well as exhibiting antibacterial properties?

1. Lactoferrin

2. Casein

3. Immunoglobulin

4. Albumin

The correct answer is: Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin is the correct answer because it has a unique role in the body related to iron metabolism and the immune response. This glycoprotein is found in high concentrations in human milk and is known for its ability to bind to iron, making it crucial for controlling iron availability in the intestine. By binding iron, lactoferrin prevents pathogenic bacteria from accessing this essential nutrient, thereby inhibiting their growth—a function that illustrates its antibacterial properties. In addition to its iron-binding function, lactoferrin promotes the absorption of iron in the intestines, aiding in maintaining adequate iron levels in newborns. Its dual role in both iron transport and immune protection makes it a significant protein in early nutrition. While casein is a major protein in milk that primarily serves as a source of amino acids, it does not have the specific functions associated with iron transport or antibacterial activity. Immunoglobulin primarily contributes to the immune defense by neutralizing pathogens but does not directly assist in iron metabolism. Albumin plays a role in maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting various substances in the blood, but it is not specifically involved in iron absorption or has notable antibacterial functions like lactoferrin.