International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

What is the term for bilirubin encephalopathy, a severe brain damage from high bilirubin levels?

1. Hyperbilirubinemia

2. Kernicterus

3. Jaundice

4. Cholestasis

The correct answer is: Kernicterus

Bilirubin encephalopathy, which results from high levels of bilirubin in the blood, is specifically referred to as kernicterus. This condition occurs when bilirubin, a yellow compound produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells, crosses the blood-brain barrier and causes damage to the brain, particularly to areas responsible for functions such as movement, hearing, and vision. Kernicterus is recognized as a serious complication of untreated hyperbilirubinemia, which is an increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood. While jaundice is a visible yellowing of the skin and eyes that indicates high bilirubin levels, kernicterus is the critical condition that can manifest if the hyperbilirubinemia is not appropriately managed. Cholestasis refers to a decrease in bile flow, which is not directly linked to the brain damage associated with high bilirubin levels. Understanding the distinction between these terms is essential, particularly in a clinical context where identifying the potential for kernicterus can guide proper treatment and prevent severe outcomes in newborns experiencing elevated bilirubin levels.