International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

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What distinguishes a port wine stain from a salmon patch?

It blanches with pressure
It has less defined borders
It fades over time
It has much more defined borders and does not blanch

The correct answer is: It has much more defined borders and does not blanch

A port wine stain is a type of vascular birthmark that is characterized by its deep reddish-purple color and well-defined borders. Unlike salmon patches, which are typically lighter in color and can fade with time, port wine stains are permanent and do not change significantly as the individual ages. The specific feature that distinguishes a port wine stain is that it does not blanch with pressure, meaning if you press on the area, the color does not lighten. This is due to the nature of the blood vessels that are involved; the capillaries in a port wine stain are dilated and do not constrict in response to pressure. This property is crucial for distinguishing it from other types of marks, such as salmon patches, which do blanch when pressure is applied. Additionally, the presence of well-defined borders in port wine stains contrasts with salmon patches that can have more irregular and less defined edges. Understanding these characteristics is essential for correctly identifying these conditions in clinical practice.