International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and often a cleft palate?

1. Down syndrome

2. Pierre Robin Sequence

3. Treacher Collins syndrome

4. Robinow syndrome

The correct answer is: Pierre Robin Sequence

The condition characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and often a cleft palate is Pierre Robin Sequence. Micrognathia refers to an abnormally small lower jaw, which is a hallmark feature of this condition. Glossoptosis is the posterior displacement or retraction of the tongue, which can lead to airway obstruction. These features are often observed together in individuals with Pierre Robin Sequence, making it distinctive. In addition to these defining traits, individuals with this condition may also present with a cleft palate, enhancing the complexity of their care needs. The combination of these three characteristics—small jaw, displaced tongue, and palate issues—helps clinicians easily identify Pierre Robin Sequence in a clinical setting. Other conditions listed, while they may have overlapping features such as cleft palate or facial abnormalities, do not encapsulate the specific triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and a high prevalence of cleft palate to the extent seen in Pierre Robin Sequence. Thus, this sequence is essential in understanding pediatric craniofacial anomalies and guiding appropriate interventions and management.