International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

What are the three solid components of human milk found in the largest quantity, in order of concentration?

1. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates

2. Lactose, lipids, oligosaccharides

3. Fats, carbohydrates, proteins

4. Glucose, lipids, water

The correct answer is: Lactose, lipids, oligosaccharides

The correct answer identifies lactose, lipids, and oligosaccharides as the three solid components of human milk present in the largest quantities and in the correct order. Lactose, a type of sugar, is the most abundant carbohydrate in human milk and is crucial for providing energy and supporting calcium absorption in infants. It plays an essential role in the nutritional profile of breast milk. Lipids, or fats, are the second most concentrated component and are vital for caloric intake and are important for the development of the infant's brain and nervous system. They also help absorb fat-soluble vitamins and provide essential fatty acids. Lastly, oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates that serve as prebiotics, fostering a healthy gut microbiome in infants. They provide protection against pathogens and play roles in immune function. The incorrect options either do not follow the order of concentration or include components that are not solid. For instance, while fats and proteins are indeed significant, they do not reflect the correct hierarchy when considering the concentration of these components in human milk. This understanding of the composition of human milk is crucial for lactation consultants who aim to support breastfeeding mothers and infants effectively.