International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

In which case is breastfeeding generally contraindicated if the mother has a detectable viral load?

1. HIV in developing country

2. Syphilis

3. Herpes simplex

4. Hepatitis B

The correct answer is: HIV in developing country

Breastfeeding is generally contraindicated for mothers with a detectable viral load of HIV due to the risk of transmitting the virus to the infant through breast milk. In developing countries, where access to safe alternatives for infant feeding may be limited and the risk of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases is high, the guidelines may vary. However, if a mother is known to have a detectable viral load, exclusive breastfeeding is not recommended because HIV can be transmitted through milk, potentially leading to infection in the infant. In contrast, the other infections listed do not typically pose the same risk of transmission through breastfeeding when properly managed. Mothers with syphilis, herpes simplex, or hepatitis B can often continue breastfeeding, as the risk of transmission through breast milk is either negligible or can be managed with appropriate medical care and treatment. For instance, hepatitis B can be controlled with vaccinations, and there are ongoing guidelines that support breastfeeding with an adequate medical follow-up for mothers with these conditions.